Bulking test on fine aggregates bulking of fine aggregate or sand is the phenomenon of increase in sand volume due to the increase of moisture content. The sand that eroded from sandstone rocks, deposited as a beach, dune or desert. Inherent factors affecting bulk density and available water capacity inherent factors that affect bulk density such as soil texture cannot be changed. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to.
Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. The free moisture content of fine aggregate results in bulking of volume. Grading requirements of fine aggregates astm c33 bulking of sand. Lab manual of concrete technology sanjay ghodawat group of. This is due to the fact that moisture forms a film of water around the sand particles and this results in an increase in the volume of sand. Conclusions and recommendations the national academies press. Jan 09, 2015 objective determination of unit weight or bulk density and void of aggregates.
Thus, bulking in the sand is high for fine sand and low for coarse sand. After introducing the story, have the students experiment with different types of sand beach sand, colored sand, etc. An increase of bulking in sand effects concrete mix and results in harsh behaviour while placing. An easy demonstration and experiment is to pour sand through funnels, and examine time difference of sand of different granular size pouring through holes of different diameters. Pdf download kar lo is lecture ki, jo bhi pada hai sab yaad aa jayega. Densities of common materials densities of common products in both imperial and siunits. The volume increase of fine aggregate due to presence of moisture content is known as bulking. Bulking of sand test experiment procedure and importance. Fine sand bulks about 40%, medium sand to 25% to 29% and coarse sand to about 18%.
Now the level of saturated sand is below the level of. Fine aggregate do not show any bulking when it is absolutely dry or completely saturated. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Organize the work in the group and make a record of all observations. Hence, a correction factor for the bulking of sand has to be applied after determining the rate of bulking for the sand to be used in mortar and concrete making. The reason is that moisture causes film of water around sand particles which results in the increase of volume of sand. The extent of bulking depends on the percentage of moisture present in the sand and on its fineness. Therefore, bulking in sand is greater for fine sand and less for coarse sand.
This film of moisture exerts surface tension, which keeps the neighboring particles away from it. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for any sizereduction requirements including, experiment on bulking of sand by volume method, quarry, aggregate, and different kinds of minerals. When the moisture content of sand is increased by adding more water, the sand particles pack near each other and the amount of bulking of sand is decreased. Bulking of sand and test to calculate bulking in sand. Five to eight percent of the increase in moisture in the sand can increase the volume of sand up to 20 to 40 percent. Bulking test on fine aggregates has to be performed before using it in. Bulking of fine aggregate or sand is the phenomenon of increase in sand volume due to the increase of moisture content. Again the finer the sand is more will be the increase in volume. Should not hesitate to askconcerned teacher laboratory assistants about any difficulty faced during conduct of practical. Thus it helps in determining the actual volume of sand, the dry sand and the sand completely filled with water will have the exact volume. The properties of sand available at each local location may have different properties including its gradation. Bulking test of sand importance of bulking of sand.
This video explains what is meant by bulking of sand. No name of experiment 1 determination of moisture content. Miscellaneous engineering related topics like beaufort wind scale, cemarking, drawing standards and more. Finer sand has more bulking as compared to the medium and coarse sand. Aug 30, 2018 this video explains what is meant by bulking of sand. Bulking results in an increase in the volume of a given mass of sand caused by the films of water pushing the sand particles apart. Bulking test on fine aggregates has to be performed before using it in construction. This is because moisture in small proportions forms thin films around the sand grains. Dry sand and the send completely filled with water will have the exact volume. The procedure provided in this article is based on the specification of astm standard astm c 29c29m17a. Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications. Jan 01, 2015 sand replacement test method is used to determine the field density or inplace density of earth embankments, road fills, subgrade, subbase or any of compacted material.
How to calculate bulking of sand bulking of sand test. Bulking of sand is the increase in the volume of sand due to the presence of moisture on the sand particles. The presence of moisture in aggregates cause the bulking of sand which may affects the design strength of concrete. To determine the bulking characteristics of given sand. Fill the sand up to 200 ml and shake well then record the level as a. The expanse of sand bulking is based on the grading of sand. When the moisture content is increased beyond 810 percent, the bulking of sand effect almost disappears in fact, sand grains settled in a water tank will have the same volume as dry sand. Bulking in sand occurs when dry sand interacts with the atmospheric moisture. The extent of bulking depends on the grading of sand. Balance a balance or scale of capacity not less than 3 kg, readable and accurate to o5 g and of such a type and shape as.
What is the effect of bulking on the amount of sand used in concrete. Presence of moisture content forms a thin layer around sand particles. Laboratory manual of test procedures attached is your copy of the new oregon department of transportation laboratory manual of test procedures, february 2020. Add required water to the cylinder to saturate the sand completely and stir well. Specific gravity, sieve analysis and zoning, bulking of. Finer the sand more it tend to change the volume when water is present in it and vice a versa. Bulking of sand test soil civil engineering scribd. Finer sand possesses more bulking than the medium and coarse sand. As regards the rate of bulking of sand, it has been observed that it is related to two factors. Bulk density and void percentage test for aggregates. Bulking of sand, test to calculate bulking in sand. If bulking is raised in sand, concrete mix is affected and behaves roughly at the time of placement. To perform water absorption test on given aggregate sample by. Apr 23, 2015 bulking of sand the increase in the volume of sand due to the presence of moisture is known as bulking of sand.
Level the surface of the sand using the rod and record the volume of the sand. The excavated hole must be equal to the volume of the calibrating container. The volume increase in dry sand is known as the bulking if sand. Bulking of sand the increase in the volume of sand due to the presence of moisture is known as bulking of sand. Specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking mechanical properties soundness measuring mortar making properties of fine aggregate alkali aggregate reactivity petrographic examination 0. This layer generates the force which makes particles to move aside to each other. Bulking of sand, test to calculate bulking in sand, civilread. Sand introduction bulking of sand manufacturer from bengaluru. This method serves as base upon which one can accept the density of a compacted material to a specified magnitude or to a percentage of maximum unit dry density determined as. When the moisture content is increased beyond 810 percent, the bulking of sand effect almost disappears in fact, sand grains settled in. Tests on concrete workability tests slump cone test, compaction factor test. Nd t 191 density of soil inplace by the sand cone method nd t 209 theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of hot mix asphalt 32019 revised procedures page 2 of 2. Nd t 191 density of soil inplace by the sandcone method nd t 209 theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of hot mix asphalt 32019 revised procedures page 2 of 2. This manual has the current versions of our laboratory test procedures.
The basic idea is to pour the same amount of sand through funnels of different sizes, and record and compare the time they go through the different funnels. The standard test for bulking is dependent on the circumstance that when damp sand bulks, the volume of saturated sand rises. Extremely fine sand particularly the manufactured fine aggregate bulks as much as about 40%. Bulking of sand civil engineering lab experiment youtube. Repeat this step at least three times and take the mean weight w 2 put the sand back into the sand pouring cylinder to have the same initial constant weight w 1 determination of bulk density of soil 3. This lab is performed to determine the relative density of cohesionless, freedraining soils using a vibrating table. These fun sand activities and books can be easily added to your beach or ocean theme, your summer camp curriculum, or done at home for some summer fun. Bulking means increase is volume sand when dry and loosely filled occupies smaller volume is comparison to wet and loosely filled sand, increase in volume is maximum nearly by 20 30% when the moisture content is nearly 4 to 5% of weight, beyond this limit volume again starts decreasing. Activated sludge microbiology problems and their control. The relative density of a soil is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the difference between the maximum index void ratio and the field void ratio of a. You might begin by reading the story johnny castleseed written by edward ormondroyd. Repeat the above procedure to get the average of bulking factor. This principle is used to determine the percentage of bulking of sand in a given sample.
Bulking of sand sand have a phenomenal property of bulking bulking of sand means increase in its volume due to presence of surface moisture. Conclusions and recommendations the national academies. The extent of sand bulking depends on the grading of sand. Graphical representation of bulking of sand is shown below. After millions of years, sandstone rocks turned into sandstone cliffs and eventually eroded for the second time. This article describes the procedure and importance of determining bulking of fine aggregates. Dear students here i am uploading a video explaining about bulking of sand if you have any doubtsquestions your are always to ask me. Oct 18, 2017 bulking of sand bulking of sand is nothing but the change in volume of sand due to presence of water moisture in it.
Sep 03, 2017 the extent of sand bulking depends on the grading of sand. Methods of test for aggregates for concrete, part 3. Dec 01, 2015 relative density or density index test of sand purpose. The ratio of the volume of moist sand to the volume of the sand when dry. Cylindrical metal measure of 3 litre capacity for fine aggregate of 15 litre capacity for aggregate upto 40mm 3.
This gas is only slightly soluble in water and small nitrogen gas bubbles form in the activated sludge and cause sludge blanket flotation in the final clarifier. While applying fine aggregate sand to produce concrete, it is essential to find out the quantity of used sand that has been bulked. Now, we are going to discuss silt content test for sand and how to do the test at the field. In simplified terms, it can be said that bulking of sand is simply the looseness of soil without compacting. This test bulking of sand or bulking of fine aggregate is to ensure that we are using the right amount of sand while concreting. If you think you eat enough to build muscle, try this experiment, courtesy of alan aragon, m.
Relative density or density index test of sand purpose. Bulking of sand is generally found in fine sand except for coarse sand. Bulking of sand bulking of sand is nothing but the change in volume of sand due to presence of water moisture in it. The test for bulking of sand should be made at the start of work, and after that on each new consignment of sand and after any material in the weather rain or hot to ensure that the bulked volume of the sand is not changed.
Read the write up of each experiment to be performed, a day in advance. The volume increases with increase in moisture content. Sand replacement method for determination of field density. Sand is the inevitable material used in construction because it was using as an ingredient in concrete, plastering and flooring etc. Bulking of sand civil engineering lab experiment duration. While calibrating the bulk density of sand great care has to be taken. Sand introduction bulking of sand manufacturer from. Bulking of sand civil engineering lab experiment dear students here i am. What is bulking of sand and test to calculate bulkage of sand. For a moisture content percentage of 5 to 8 there will be an inc. The main purpose of adding sand in concrete is to minimise the segregation of concrete and to fill out the pores between the cement and coarse aggregate.
Bulk density is dependent on soil organic matter, soil texture, the density of soil mineral sand, silt, and clay and their packing arrangement. For a moisture content percentage of 5 to 8 there will be an increase in volume up to 20 to 40 percent depending upon sand. The bulk density and void percentage of aggregate can be evaluated using standard test methods of applicable codes such as astm c 29c29m17a, is. Bulking of sand depends on the quantity of moisture in the sand and also the size of the particles. Bulking of sand cause, tests and importance the constructor. May 29, 2019 free pdf chapter 1 properties of fluid free. Its weightw 2 gives the weight of sand filling the cone portion of the sand pouring cylinder. The presence of free moisture content in fine aggregate particles results in bulking. Inherent factors affecting bulk density and available. One problem peculiar to fine aggregates is that of bulking, whereby damp. The increase in moisture of sand increases the volume of sand.
This edition completely replacesy 201the 9 labofebruarratory manual of test procedures. With the moisture content of 5 to 6%, the increase in the volume of sand varies from 20 to 40% depending upon the fineness of sand. The volume may increase up to 20 to 40% when moisture content is 5 to 10 %. Experiment on bulking of sand by volume method products. No name of experiment 1 determination of moisture content 2 determination of specific gravity.